Numismatics (41701)
coins
Antique and medieval coins
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Coins of Ukraine
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Russia and USSR
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Europe
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Tokens *
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Collections, sets and lots
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Copies *
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Сommemorative medal
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Scripophilia (2843)
stocks, bonds
Shares, bonds of Tsarist Russia
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USSR bonds
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Foreign stocks and bonds
(147)
Insurance (policies, certificates, receipts)
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Banking and financial documents
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Invoices, receipts, letters
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Stock and bond coupons
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Second-hand books (70113)
books, magazines
Antique editions before 1920
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World of Wildlife
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Newspapers and magazines
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Engravings and lithographs
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Posters
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Bookplates
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Old documents (11189)
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Forms
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Historical documents
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Personal affairs and characteristics
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Notary and legal proceedings
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Document folders
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Letters and telegrams
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Orders and instructions
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Certificates and statements
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Certificates
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Art and antiques (11132)
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Silver plate
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Faleristics (54507)
orders, medals, badges
Tsarist Russia and the RSFSR until 1923
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USSR 1924-1991
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Ukraine
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Militaria (13417)
Ammunition and equipment
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Form
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Stripes, chevrons
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Hunting knives, folding knives, etc.
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Military history items
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Literature on militaria
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Other collections (64637)
home stuff
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Food and drink
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Scale models
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Advertising
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Sport
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Hunting and fishing
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Tourism and rest
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Tickets, coupons, subscriptions
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Calendaristics
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Barber
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Antique bricks *
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Devices and tools
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Close
European banknotes appeared in the 17th century. Certificates from English jewelers were used as receipts or served as proof of the client's solvency. By 1660, these receipts had become an alternative to the gold and silver bullion, which were the forerunners of banknotes in England. The Swiss bank, founded in 1656, made loans and mortgages, issued letters of credit and accepted deposits. In 1661 it became the first official bank in Europe to issue banknotes.